Attraction of both sexes of Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens,to a mixture of ammonia,methylamine, and putrescine

Eight chemicals were evaluated in laboratory experiments as attractants for sugar-fed adult Mexican fruit flies. Ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, ethanolamine, pyrrolidine, putrescine, and monomethyl succinate were slightly attractive when tested singly. A mixture containing all eight chemicals was much more attractive than any of the individual chemicals. Through a series of experiments, a mixture of three of the chemicals was found that was at least as attractive as the original eight-component mixture. The final mixture consisted of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine in a 10101 ratio. Ratios were less important than actual concentrations of individual components over the range of component concentrations tested. The three-component mixture was equally attractive to male and female flies over at least a 1000-fold range of concentrations and was slightly more attractive thanTorula yeast over the upper 10-fold range in competing McPhail traps in a greenhouse flight chamber.