轮胎力和力矩建模、试验与仿真（续完）

（接上期） 5汽车轮胎力和力矩试验 汽车轮胎六分试验是进行轮胎结构设计和车辆性能优化的常规步骤1]。尽管测试设备的成本高昂，但试验手段目前依然是整车研究开发应用最为直接的方法。此外由前面对轮胎一车辆建模的相关讨论可知，试验手段对各种轮胎模型的参数确定也具有至关重要的作用。

Modeling, Test and Simulation of Tire Forces and Moments

Characterizing methods of tire forces and moments,and tire models in vehicle dynamic simulation were summarized,including simple physical model,semi-empirical model and structured model.The requirements from automobile industry were also highlighted.Tire force measurement equipments and methods were compared,and tire performance curves such as lateral force and aligning torque were analyzed.Based on mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element approach(MLE),the method of directly predicting tire forces and moments from tire structure design was proposed.The relationship between tire slip angle and forces were investigated,including contact patch pressure,lateral shear force,lateral forces under different loadings and aligning torque.It was found that the cornering stiffness and aligning stiffness were controlled by tread stiffness,while the peak lateral force and aligning torque were controlled by tire-to-ground coefficient of friction.The simulation results were in good accordance with experimental data,with 6.7% for error of lateral stiffness and 16.3% for error of aligning stiffness.The result demonstrated that MLE approach and prediction method were effective.