河口水文学发展概况

河口区是河流与海洋之间的过渡区，河口水文学是涉及水文学、水力学、地理学、海洋学、河流学及生态学等的综合性学科。国外早已开展河口水文研究，并取得了许多研究成果。伏尔加河河口早在１７７７年即开始进行水文观测及科学实验，此外，莱茵河、马斯河、些耳得河、泰晤士河、塞纳河、密西西比河、哈得逊河及萨克拉门托河的河口水文研究也较为深入。河口水文学有研究水平在一定程度上体现了国家经济发展水平。本文阐述了河口水文学

General situation of estuary hydrology development

An estuary region is a transitional one from a river to a sea or ocean. The bydrology of estuary is a comprehensive discipline involving hydrology, hydraulics, geography, oceanology, river dynamics and ecology, etc. Researches on the hydrology of estuary were made abroad long ago and many results have been achieved. The hydrologic observation and the scientific experiment on the estuary of the Volga River started as early as in 1777. In addition, hydrologic researches on estuaries of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, Thames, Seine, Mississippi, Hudson and Sacramento rivers are also made rather deeply. The level of hydrologic researches on estuaries reflects to a certain extent the development level of the national econmy. This paper expounds characteristics of the estuary hydrology and research results, and presents the current situation of hydrologic research on the estuary of the Dujiang River, and puts forward some countermeasures for development of China's hydrologic research on estuaries.