盐下油层水平井钻井技术

为了增储上产，决定应用水平井钻井技术开发塔里木油田YM7凝析气田盐下油气层。由于油气层与上面盐膏层之间的垂距仅有30 m左右，所以侧钻造斜和大部分增斜段（0～70°）要在盐膏层中进行，施工难度和风险很大。对施工难点进行了分析，对井身结构、井身剖面、钻井液进行了优化设计，优选了钻头、钻机，采取了井控、安全下入复合技术套管等一系列技术措施，保证了施工的安全顺利进行。截至目前，该区块已先后完成了4口水平井的施工（除YM7-H1井因盐膏层蠕变造成177.8 mm套管变形导致水平段提前约200 m完钻外，其余3口井均成功完钻），YM7-H11井正在施工中。水平井先后投产后，均获得了较理想的油气产量，达到了预期开发效果。

Horizontal well drilling techniques in subsalt oil zones

In order to increase reserves and production, the horizontal well drilling technique is chosen to be applied to the development of the subsalt oil and gas zones in Yinmai-7 condensate field well in Tarim Oilfield. The vertical distance between the oil and gas zone and the upper gypsum bed is only 30 m, so the sidetracking whipstocking and most building sections (between 0 and 70°) can only be carried out in the gypsum bed. As a result, the difficulty and risk in construction gets higher. The difficulties are analyzed and the optimal design of the casing program, the well profile, and the drilling fluid is conducted. Drilling bits and rigs are optimized. Systematic technical measures are undertaken including well control, safe tripping of intermediate casing. So the safe and smooth construction is guaranteed. Four horizontal wells have so far been fulfilled in the block. Yingmai 7-H11 well is under construction. The oil and gas production is satisfying after the horizontal well is put into operation.