风沙区井工煤炭开采对土地生态的影响及修复

能源“金三角”地区已成为我国能源开发的主战场,该区域大都位于风沙区,煤炭开采对该区域生态影响直接关系到矿业和区域的可持续发展.本文基于多年的监测并结合前人研究成果,系统探讨了该区域煤炭开采对土地生态的影响和修复方法.研究表明:土地生态的监测方法是揭示煤炭开采对土地生态影响的关键,以井下开采信息为先导的多源信息采集与处理以及定位、动态和长期的监测方法更具有说服力;煤炭开采对风沙区土地生态具有一定影响,主要表现在地表形变、裂缝、土壤水分、土壤理化特性和植物生长的影响,这些影响除沉陷盆地边缘裂缝外,都能在较短时间内由于自修复和自然修复而逐渐消除;该区域的生态修复应采用分区修复模式,即均匀沉陷区的自然封闭修复和非均匀沉陷区的植物修复为主、工程修复为辅的人工诱导修复模式;同时要尽可能采用超大工作面和边沉陷边充填裂缝的边开采边修复模式,从源头减轻土地生态损伤和及时修复.

Impact of underground coal mining on land ecology and its restoration in windy and sandy region

The energy “Golden Triangle” region,most part of which locates in windy and sandy region,has been playing an important role in China`s energy development.Impact of underground coal mining on regional ecology is directly related to the sustainable development of the mining industry and local region.Based on long-term monitoring and previous research results,the impact of underground coal mining on land ecology and its restoration methods are studied systematically.The study indicates that: the monitoring method of land ecology plays a key role in revealing the impact of underground coal mining on land ecology.The method of multi-source information collection and processing dominated by underground mining information,and dynamic and long-term field monitoring are more effective.Coal mining produces certain impact on land ecology such as surface deformation,cracks,soil moisture,soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation growth in windy and sandy region.However,most of these factors are characterized by self-healing and natural restoration in a relative short period except margin cracks of subsidence basin.This region should adopt “partition” differentiated ecological restoration model,which means that the uniform subsidence region conduct “natural closure” restoration,and the differential subsidence region conduct artificial-induced restoration model which gives priority to phytoremediation supplemented with appropriate engineering restoration.Meanwhile,it should adopt the concurrent mining and reclamation model which consists of super-large working face and concurrent subsidence and ground cracks filling,aiming to reach reduction of land ecological damage and restoration in time.