加氢装置大型化进展

介绍国内外加氢裂化、渣油加氢、加氢处理三大类加氢装置大型化发展历程:①加氢装置的最大处理能力逐年提高;②最大规模加氢装置的数目逐年增多;③国内投产的各类最大加氢装置逐渐在世界范围占有席位。探讨大型化加氢装置工艺流程设计模式:①采用多段工艺流程;②不同原料进装置的不同部位;③反应部分双系列;④反应部分双系列,但共用双系列中不受限部分;⑤受限设备双系列。简述加氢反应器、反应加热炉、高压换热器的大型化进展:①采用更大尺寸设备;②提高材料性能;③采用新型设备;④通过技术优化,缩小受限设备尺寸;⑤设备轻量化。计算分析大型化加氢装置投资的变化:通过加氢装置大型化可降低单位处理量投资。对加氢装置大型化进行了展望:①技术进步使建设大型化加氢装置成为可能;②沿海布置大规模炼油企业及制造企业,使大型化加氢装置的建设得以实施;③新技术、新设备的应用,优化了大型设备的尺寸和重量;④大型化加氢装置的经济效益不断增加。

Progress of large-scale hydrogenation unit

The development process of large-scale hydrocracking units,residual oil hydrogenation units and hydrotreating units at home and abroad is introduced:(1)the maximum capacity of hydrogenation unit is increasing year by year;(2)the number of the largest hydrogenation units is increasing year by year;(3)various types of large-scale hydrogenation units starting up and running at home occupy a certain place in the world.The design pattern of process flow of large-scale hydrogenation unit is explored:(1)multi-step process flow is adopted;(2)different feedstocks enter into different parts of the unit;(3)double series of reaction parts;(4)double series of reaction parts but sharing unrestricted parts of double series;(5)double series of restricted equipment.The large-scale development of hydrogenation reactor,reaction heating furnace and high-pressure heat exchanger is briefly described:(1)bigger size equipements are adopted;(2)improving material performance;(3)adopting new equipements;(4)reducing the size of restricted equipments by technique optimization;(5)lightweight equipments.The change of investment in large-scale hydrogenation unit is calculated and analyzed.The investment of unit capacity of large-scale hydrogenation unit can be reduced.The prospects for the large-scale hydrogenation unit are as follows:(1)technical progress makes it possible to build large-scale hydrogenation unit;(2)large-scale refineries and manufacturing enterprises builded along the coast facilitate to implemente the large-scale hydrogenation unit;(3)the adoption of new technologies and new equipments optimizes the size and weight of large-scale equipements;(4)the economic benefits of large-scale hydrogenation unit are constantly increasing.