基于主动限流控制的直流配电网保护及故障隔离方案

柔性直流配电网中直流故障易引起系统过流,严重威胁电网的安全运行。基于全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器(FBSM-MMC)的柔性直流配电网大多利用MMC闭锁来切断故障电流,但其闭锁会导致整个直流配电网的短时停电,降低供电的可靠性,迄今尚无有效的解决方案。对此,文中提出一种基于FBSM-MMC主动限流控制的柔性直流配电网保护及故障隔离方案,共包含3个阶段:故障发生后首先利用MMC主动限流控制将换流器输出直流电流限制在1.2倍额定电流附近(阶段1),进而根据各条线路两端直流电流是否具有同步性过零特征实现故障线路的识别(阶段2),在此基础上,进一步提出基于直流断路器与快速机械开关协同配合的故障隔离方案(阶段3)。通过断开故障关联的直流断路器,并控制相应换流站的输出直流电流降低为0,使得故障线路上的机械开关亦能快速开断,从而实现故障隔离。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了四端柔性直流配电网模型,通过大量仿真验证了所提保护及故障隔离方案的可行性。

Protection and Fault Isolation Scheme Based on Active Current-limiting Control for DC Distribution Network

DC faults in flexible DC distribution network could easily lead to overcurrent, which seriously threatens the safe operation of power grid. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) blocking is mostly used to cut off the fault current in FBSM-MMC based distribution network, but the blocking will cause power outage of the whole network for a moment, which reduces the reliability of the power supply. To solve the problem, a protection and fault isolation scheme based on active current-limiting control of FBSM-MMC for flexible DC distribution network is proposed, which consists of three stages. After a short-circuit fault occurs, the output DC current of the inverter will be limited to 1.2 times of the rated current by the control of MMC (stage 1). The faulty line is identified according to the synchronous zero-crossing characteristic at both ends of each line (stage 2). A fault isolation scheme which contains the cooperation of DC circuit breakers and high-speed switches is proposed (stage 3). By disconnecting the DC breaker associated with the fault and controlling the output DC current of the corresponding converter station to be reduced to 0, the mechanical switch on the fault line can also be quickly turned off, thereby achieving fault isolation. Finally, a four-terminal flexible DC distribution network model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the feasibility of the proposed protection and fault isolation scheme are verified through a large number of simulations.