面粉车间储粮害虫的种类和分布研究

为研究面粉车间储粮害虫的种群动态、发生规律,利用瓦楞纸板诱捕器跟踪诱捕2017年3月—2018年3月的储粮害虫,并采用地质统计学等高线绘图技术结合面粉车间内温度、湿度的变化,分析面粉车间储粮害虫的种类、分布以及影响储粮害虫种群数量的各种因素。沿着面粉车间(长84 m,宽42 m)建筑物内墙和柱子设置60个瓦楞纸板诱捕器,每隔15 d统计1次。结果表明:瓦楞纸板诱捕器在面粉车间可诱捕到书虱、赤拟谷盗、扁谷盗类害虫和烟草甲等储粮害虫的成虫和幼虫,且对书虱具有较好的诱捕效果,可用于储粮昆虫(螨)的监测和防治。试验期间,在面粉车间累计诱捕到书虱26 982头,占总诱捕量的96.0%,是面粉仓库的优势种。书虱分布在全仓,但大部分分布在麸皮打包间。891头赤拟谷盗和185头扁谷盗类害虫几乎全部分布在麸皮打包间。烟草甲的来源应该是外围环境。全年诱捕到的储粮害虫在面粉车间主要有4个分布热点区域,分别为麸皮打包间、面粉成品仓和麸皮打包间交接处、自动打包机和皮带输送机处、卸粮口处。麸皮打包间和面粉成品仓库设计在一起是不合理的。在实际生产中可根据储粮害虫分布热点区域开展有针对性的防治工作。

Species and distribution of stored grain pests in flour warehouse

A one-year monitoring study was performed using corrugated cardboard trap to assess population dynamics and occurrence pattern prevalence of selected stored product beetle species in flour warehouse located in Guangzhou of China from March 2017 to March 2018. This flour warehouse occupies a total area of more than 3 528 square meters,and was 84 meters long and 42 meters wide. There was one Bran Packing Room and three Flour Storage Rooms. The species and distribution of the pests and the factors affecting the population of them were analyzed by using contour mapping technique of geostatistics combined with the temperature and humidity. All the sixty traps were placed along interior walls and pillars of the buildings in flour warehouse. Traps were collected and replaced every half month( March 2017 to March 2018). All traps were replaced with a new trap at each monitoring point. Once traps were collected in flour warehouse,all stored-product insects were counted and identified to species. The results showed that,adults and larvaes of stored grain pests could be trapped by Corrugated Cardboard Trap. Trap capturing all species increased with the increase of temperature. The four predominant species captured were Psocids,Tribolium castaneum,Lasioderma serricorne,and Cryptolestes. During the experimental period,corrugated cardboard trap had a good trapping effect on psocids in the flour warehouse with an amount of 26 982. Psocids were the dominant species in flour mill,comprising 96. 0% of all pests trapped in the traps. Psocids distributed in the whole mill and were trapped all the year,but most of them were trapped in Bran Packing Room. 891 T.castaneum and 185 Cryptolestes were trapped,of which 88. 4% T. castaneum and 45. 9% Cryptolestes were trapped in Bran Packing Room. All three primary species were also consistently trapped in traps placed in Bran Packing Room where bran products were stored. L.serricorne might invade the mill from outside,most likely because of the flavor of flour inside. There were four hot spots of stored grain pests,Bran Packing Room,the Junction region with Bran Packing Room and Flour Storage Room,the area of Auto Baler Machineand Belt Conveyor,and Grain Unloading Tunnel. The corrugated cardboard trap can be used for trapping the main stored grain insects and mites,and can be used for monitor and control of stored grain insects and mites on the surface of grain bulk. In actual production,targeted control can be carried out based on the hotsports of stored grain pests distribution. It is unreasonable to design Bran Packing Room and Flour Storage Room together.