物理发泡水稻秸秆基聚氨酯泡沫研究

将水稻秸秆粉碎为粒径250~590 μm的粉末，利用成熟的催化常压加热液化技术将水稻秸秆粉末液化制得液化物，以其为原料，五甲基二乙烯三胺（PC5）和N，N-二甲基环己胺（PC8）为复合催化剂，正戊烷为发泡剂，与多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯（PAPI）反应通过物理发泡法制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫（PURF）。另外采用全水发泡法制备了聚氨酯泡沫作为对比。对物理发泡制备PURF的条件进行了优化，较优的制备条件为催化剂中PC5和PC8的质量比4:5，泡沫稳定剂硅油B8462用量（以液化物质量计，下同）4%，发泡剂用量15%，该条件下制备的PURF的拉伸强度为347 kPa，压缩强度为181 kPa。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）对比了物理发泡和全水发泡制得的泡沫，结果显示，通过物理发泡制得的水稻秸秆基聚氨酯泡沫相比于全水发泡聚氨酯泡沫，体系中异氰酸根浓度低，泡沫泡孔开孔率低，制得的泡沫力学性能略优。

Research on Mechanical Blowing Rice Straw Polyurethane Foam

Rice straw was smashed into powder with the particle size of 250-590 μm. Catalytic liquefaction tecnology under atomosphere pressure and heating was used to liquify the straw powder. Subsequently, polyurethane rigid foam(PURF) was produced by physical foaming method of liquified rice straw as material and PAPI with pentamethyl diethylenetriamine(PC5) and N, N-dimethyl cyclohexlemine(PC8) as co-catalyst and n-pentane as physical blowing agent. And the water-blown polyurethane foam was prepared as compare. The optimal conditions for PURF production was mass ratio of PC5 and PC8 4:5, foam stabilizer dosage 4%, and blowing agent n-pentane dosage 15%, the tensile strength and compressive strength of the obtained PURF were 347 kPa and 181 kPa. The FT-IR and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to compare two kinds of PURF. And the results showed that compared with the water-blown polyurethane foam, the obtained PURF had lower isocyanate concentration, lower open porosity and more superior mechanical properties.