非洲四大流域水电开发状况及建议

尽管非洲经济发展面临诸多挑战，但增长趋势仍在继续。伴随着各国电力需求的增加，非洲电力基础设施建设充满机遇。非洲水电资源丰富，开发潜力巨大，且80%的可开发水电资源潜能集中在赞比西河、刚果河、尼罗河和尼日尔河四大流域。在“一带一路”倡议下，已有大批中国企业“走出去”投资开发非洲水电项目，推动中非电力基础设施合作。本研究通过大量的数据和资料，总结了四大流域水电资源量与开发程度，对流域内重点已建和规划的水电项目进行了详细介绍。最后，深入分析中国企业目前在非洲水电项目开发中面临的主要问题和挑战，并从战略规划、合作模式、风险防范和人才培养四个方面提出相应建议。

Status and suggestions for hydropower development of four major river basins in Africa

Despite the many challenges facing African economic development, the growth trend continues. With the increasing power demands in various countries, the construction of power infrastructure in Africa is full of opportunities. Africa is rich in hydropower resources with huge development potential, and 80% of the potential are concentrated in the Zambezi, Congo, Nile and Niger River basins. Under the One Belt and One Road initiative, a large number of Chinese enterprises have gone global to invest in hydropower projects in Africa and promote China-Africa cooperation in power sector. This paper summarizes the hydropower resources and development levels of the four major river basins through a large amount of data and information, and discusses the key completed and planned hydropower projects in these basins with details. Finally, we examine in depth the major problems and challenges facing Chinese enterprises in the development of hydropower projects in Africa, and offer corresponding suggestions from four aspects: strategic planning, cooperation model, risk prevention, and personnel training.