Mail consultations in ophthalmology. The Tenth Richard E. Hoover Lecture

BACKGROUND: Although a number of diagnostic and therapeutic methods are available to assist the ophthalmologist, relatively little attention has been given to mail consultations. By this method, a clinical summary and photographs, fluorescein angiograms, ultrasonograms, and/or other relevant materials are mailed to a consultant who then renders an opinion by telephone and/or return mail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of all mail consultations that were sent to the senior author and his colleagues during a 20 year period were reviewed to determine the total number of mail consultations, the reasons for the consultations, and the diagnoses and therapeutic recommendations that were made by the consultant. RESULTS: A total of 1357 mail consultations were received during the 20 year period, with a progressively increasing number of consultations each year. Consultations were received from 757 physicians representing all 50 states in the United States and 32 other countries. Because of the authors' subspecialty in ocular oncology and medical retinal diseases, the majority of the consultations received were related to those topics. In many cases, the initial diagnosis and treatment plan were altered based on our opinion through mail consultation. Based on the material received, the recommendations that we made included observation in 635 cases, enucleation in 152, surgical excision of a lesion in 120, plaque radiotherapy in 102, laser photocoagulation in 81, systemic evaluation in 40, external beam irradiation in 36, fine needle aspiration biopsy in 33, orbital exenteration in 25, chemotherapy in 21, and cryotherapy in 14. CONCLUSION: Although not as ideal as direct patient examination, mail consultation can be an effective method of making or confirming a diagnosis and obtaining a therapeutic opinion. Although the authors have received mail consultations related to ocular oncology, this method may be applicable to other subspecialties in ophthalmology and to general medicine.