甲烷低温活化制甲醇研究进展

简要评述了当前国内外在甲烷直接部分氧化合成甲醇和甲烷经卤代后合成甲醇领域的研究进展。众多研究表明，甲烷多相催化氧化制甲醇是最具有工业化应用前景的技术，其中钼系催化剂的效果较好；以Pt、Pd配合物为催化剂的甲烷液相催化氧化法制甲醇方法具有较高的甲烷转化率和甲醇选择性，但是催化剂价格昂贵、反应条件苛刻、环境污染严重；甲烷气相均相氧化属于非催化反应，在高温高压下进行，且反应器须具备特殊的形式，结构复杂；虽然酶催化氧化法的选择性较高，但是生物酶的制备有一定难度，不适用于大范围应用，该路线目前仅限于实验室研究阶段；光催化氧化是一种环境友好的技术，反应条件温和、避免氧化剂应用，但是该类催化剂局限于半导体和盐类，还有待于进一步开发新型高效的催化剂。同时，甲烷经卤代后合成甲醇的方法对解决甲烷活化的难题具有独特优势，是一种比较有开发前景的路线，正在受到研究者们的密切关注。

Advances in research on low-temperature activation of methane to methanol

This paper briefly reviews the advance in the synthesis of methanol from methane via partial oxidation and the synthesis of methanol from halogenated methane. The heterogeneous oxidation from methane to methanol by molybdenum-based catalyst has a wide perspective of application. By using Pt or Pd complex as catalyst in aqueous homogenous system, methane is converted to methanol with high conversion and selectivity, but the high cost of catalyst, rigorous conditions and serious pollution to the environment prohibit its widespread use. In the gaseous homogenous system under high temperature and pressure, the structure of reactor is very complicated. Although the special enzyme has effective performance, its study is still in the lab due to the difficulty in the preparation of enzyme. It is very interesting that photocatalysis of methane has good prospect in terms of environmental protection, however, the main drawback is the development of novel, highly efficient catalysts. The route from methyl halide to methanol with high conversion and selectivity has unique advantages in methane activation, and attracts close attention in basic and applied research.