含氰化氢废气治理研究进展

氰化氢（HCN）是一种危害人体健康和大气环境的剧毒污染物，任何含氮物质和含氮燃料的燃烧、化工生产、冶金、汽车尾气排放等都能释放含HCN的废气。本文综述了近年来脱除HCN方面的研究进展，评述了各种脱氰方法包括吸收、吸附、燃烧、催化氧化、催化水解等技术的原理、适用对象及各种方法的优缺点。结果表明：吸收和燃烧法具有净化效率高、工艺简单等优点，对处理高浓度含氰废气有较大优势；其它方法的脱氰剂虽起活温度高、再生较为困难，但二次污染小，适用于气体的精细脱氰。今后各种技术的联合应用不仅能实现复杂气分下工业废气中HCN的逐级净化，而且能综合回收利用尾气中高浓度CO作为燃料和化工原料气。虽然各技术的联合应用在投资成本和工艺控制方面还有一定难度，但却具有较大的发展前景，是今后含氰化氢废气脱除的新趋势。

Research progress of HCN-containing exhaust gas treatment

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is an acutely poisonous pollutant，which might damage human health and atmospheric environment. The HCN-containing exhaust gases are commonly released to the air from nitrogen-containing fuel combustion，chemical processing，metallurgy，and vehicle exhaust emissions. This paper reviewed the recent progress of HCN removal technologies，including absorption，adsorption，combustion，catalytic oxidation and catalytic hydrolysis. The principle，applications，advantages and disadvantages of HCN removal were also analyzed. For high concentration HCN-containing exhaust gases，absorption and combustion have the advantages of high removal efficiency and simple purification processes. The decyanation agents of other processes are normally active at high temperatures，and the regeneration is relatively complicated. However，the secondary pollution is low compared to adsorption and combustion processes; therefore，it could have advantages in precise decyanation. The combined application of various removal technologies in the future can not only remove HCN effectively，but also recover and utilize high concentration CO which can be used as a raw material gas in chemical industry. Even though the combined applications may still have some obstacle，such as relatively high cost and difficulties in control technology，it is still a new development trend with bright prospects for HCN removal.