能源植物菊芋制备生物基化合物研究进展

生物质作为工业填料在制备化学品的过程中具有可再生性、碳元素利用平衡等优点，但大部分能源植物存在来源于粮食必需品、与农作物争夺优质土地的问题。天然生物质菊芋因具有优良的生长特性、糖类组分含量高、单体官能团多样等特点，被认为是未来最重要的非粮能源植物之一。本文介绍了通过物理过程、生物过程及化学过程等不同途径高附加值化菊芋的研究进展，总结不同方式制备生物基化合物的特点。基于菊芋主要因其根茎中含有丰富的不易被人体消化的菊糖、果糖基多糖聚合度低、组成多糖和还原糖的碳源单体高度单一等优点，着重介绍目前菊芋根茎作为底物制备生物基化合物的过程，分析了通过化学催化法或发酵法制备多元醇、5-羟甲基糠醛、乳酸酯等产品的反应条件、催化剂或生物酶的类型等。基于菊芋秸秆中富含纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等木质纤维素的优势，简述了以纤维素和半纤维素类碳水化合物和木质素的主要研究现状，以及对菊芋秸秆直接催化转化的效果，突出菊芋秸秆转化的优势，提出菊芋秸秆作为底物高效制备目标产物的改进措施。对菊芋根茎和菊芋秸秆的高附加值化过程和效果的分析表明，加强对非粮能源植物菊芋的深加工与生物、化学转化技术的研究，配合生物法与化学法相结合的手段，能加快菊芋工业化应用取得实质性的进展。

Progress in preparation of biobased compounds from energy plant Jerusalem artichoke

Biomass, as an industrial packing, took on the advantages of renewability and carbon balance in preparing bio-based chemicals. However, most of the energy plants came from indispensable human food and competed with crops for high-quality land. Natural biomass Jerusalem artichoke was considered as one of the most important non-grain energy plants in the future because of its excellent growth characteristics, high carbohydrate content and diverse functional groups. The literature review described the high value-added progress of Jerusalem artichoke by physical, biological and chemical processes, and summarized the pros and cons of the methods mentioned above. Based on the fact and merits that Jerusalem artichoke tuber was rich in inulin which was not easily digested by human body, there was low degree of polymerization for fructose-based polysaccharides, and the carbon source of the monomer of polysaccharides and reducing sugars was highly uniform, the bio-based compounds prepared from Jerusalem artichoke tuber were introduced emphatically. And the reaction conditions and types of catalysts or enzymes for the preparation of polyols, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and lactate esters by chemical catalysis or biological fermentation were also analyzed. Because of the abundant content of the lignocellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in Jerusalem artichoke stalk, the main research status of cellulose and hemicellulose carbohydrates and lignin, as well as the effect of direct catalytic conversion of Jerusalem artichoke straw were reviewed, highlighting the advantages of Jerusalem artichoke straw conversion, and the improvement measures of Jerusalem artichoke straw as substrate for efficient preparation of target products were put forward. By analyzing the process and effect of high value-added of Jerusalem artichoke tuber and stalk, it was found that a substantial progress of industrial application of Jerusalem artichoke would be accelerated by strengthening the deep processing, biotransformation and chemical transformation technology of the non-grain energy plant, and combining with the combination of biological and chemical dispose methods.