金属-有机骨架材料用于水中痕量药物污染物的吸附脱除

由于其结构复杂、多态性和多个电离位点等特点，水中的药物污染物很难达到完全脱除。因此，寻找一种高效的吸附剂，对降低此类污染物对人体和环境的影响是至关重要的。金属-有机骨架材料（metal-organic frameworks，MOFs）具有超高比表面积/孔隙率、高度化学/结构可调性以及可设计性等优点，在液相吸附分离中表现出优异的性能。本文简述了近年来MOFs材料、功能化MOFs材料以及MOFs衍生碳材料用于水中痕量抗生素和其他类药物污染物脱除的研究进展。针对特定的药物分子，通过引入特定的官能团及其他物质（如多壁碳纳米管、磁性Fe₃O₄等）可以有效提高吸附能力。此外，通过分析MOFs与药物分子之间的相互作用力，包括静电作用、氢键、π-π相互作用等，并结合本文作者课题组的研究内容，认为今后的研究重点是利用先进的理论计算方法定向筛选或设计高效吸附材料，并充分考虑动力学吸附，以实现水中痕量药物污染物的高效脱除。

Adsorption removal of trace pharmaceutical pollutants from water by metal-organic frameworks

Owing to its complex structure, polymorphism and multiple ionization sites, pharmaceutical pollutants can not be completely removed from water. Therefore, it is of vital importance to find an efficient adsorbent to minimize the serious potential harms to human health and environment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited excellent performance in liquid adsorption and separation thank to their high specific surface/porosity, structure/chemical tunability, and designability. This review briefly summarizes the recent research progress of the applications of MOFs, functionalized MOFs and MOF-derived carbon materials in adsorption removal of trace antibiotics and other pharmaceutical pollutants from water. For the specific pharmaceutical molecules, the adsorption capacity can be effectively improved by introducing specific functional groups and other substances (such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes and magnetic Fe₃O₄). The interactions between MOFs and pharmaceutical molecules were discussed in detail, including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond, π-π interaction. Combined with the research progress in our group, a concise conclusion and outlook are outlined for the adsorption removal of pharmaceutical pollutants using MOFs, including the targeted screening and design of MOFs with excellent adsorption performances using advanced computational methods, as well as the comprehensive consideration of adsorption kinetic.