酸和胺直接缩合制备酰胺的进展

酰胺键的合成是有机化学中非常重要和有意义的反应之一。国内外学者已对酰胺键的形成进行了长期研究，目前合成酰胺的底物和方法多种多样，然而，这些合成方法存在各种各样的资源浪费和环境污染问题。羧酸和胺之间的催化脱水缩合反应是合成相应酰胺的最理想方法，利用羧酸和胺在催化剂作用下直接缩合形成酰胺，避免了使用活化试剂带来的诸多问题。近年来以硼类和过渡金属为主体的催化剂得到广泛研究，并取得了一系列成果。本文主要介绍了以羧酸和胺为底物，同时符合绿色化学理念的催化合成方法，通过对这些催化剂催化性能的总结与分析，阐述了各种催化剂的优缺点。其中硼化合物催化的直接酰胺化反应是研究较多、前景最为诱人的方法，因此基于硼类化合物的特殊结构，设计更具活性的此类催化剂将是今后研究发展的方向。

Progress in the preparation of amides by direct condensation of acids and amines

The synthesis of amide bonds is one of the most important and significant reactions in organic chemistry, which has been studied for a long time by many global scholars. At present, many substrates and methods have been developed for synthesis of amide, and the catalytic dehydration and condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and amine is the most ideal method. In recent years, boron and transition metal catalysts have been widely studied and a series of achievements have been made. This paper mainly introduces the catalytic synthesis methods with carboxylic acid and amine as substrates and in line with the concept of green chemistry. Through the summary and analysis of the catalytic properties of these catalysts, the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts were expounded. Among them, the direct amidation reaction catalyzed by boron compounds is the most attractive method with more researches. Based on the special structure of boron compounds, designing more active catalysts will be the direction of future research.