污泥厌氧消化功能微生物群落结构的研究进展

污泥厌氧消化处理技术因其具有无害化、资源化和稳定化的特征备受关注。污泥厌氧消化涉及水解发酵、产氢产乙酸和产甲烷多种微生物，并发挥不同的功能。本文介绍了污泥厌氧消化体系中常见的细菌(门水平)和古菌（属水平）群落，如拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、螺旋体门（Spirochaetes）（细菌）和甲烷杆菌属（Methanobacterium）、甲烷八叠球菌属（Methanosarcina）、甲烷短杆菌属（Methanobrevibacter）、鬃毛甲烷菌属（Methanosaeta）（古菌）等。同时也综述了影响厌氧体系中的微生物群落结构的因素，如pH、营养物质、温度、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)及有毒有害物质等。最后展望了稳定同位素标记、宏基因组学和蛋白质组学等分子生物技术在探查微生物功能方面的应用前景，为进一步分析厌氧体系中未识别的功能微生物提供技术支撑。

Research progress in on microbial community structure of anaerobic digestion of sludge

Sludge anaerobic digestion technology has attracted much attention due to its characteristics of harmlessness, resource utilization and stabilization. Sludge anaerobic digestion involves various processes such as hydrolysis fermentation, hydrogen production, acetic acid production and methanogenesis, and exerts different functions. We introduced the bacteria (phylum level) and archaea (genus level) communities commonly found in sludge anaerobic digestion systems, such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetes (bacteria) and Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, Methanosaeta (archaea) and so on in this paper. Factors affecting microbial community structure in anaerobic systems such as pH, nutrients, temperature, ammonia nitrogen and toxic and hazardous substances are also reviewed. Finally, application of molecular biotechnology such as stable isotope labeling, metagenomics and proteomics in exploring microbial functions are prospected. Aim of this paper is to provide technical support for further analysis of unidentified functional microorganisms in anaerobic systems.