污泥中蛋白类物质厌氧转化影响因素及其促进策略研究进展

蛋白类物质是剩余污泥中的主要有机组分（占有机质的50%～60%），是污泥厌氧消化产沼气的主要底物，其降解率的提升将对剩余污泥厌氧转化效率的提升和脱水性能的强化起到决定性作用。本文首先重点归纳了蛋白质的厌氧转化机制，蛋白质的厌氧降解主要包括蛋白质水解与氨基酸代谢两个重要的步骤，蛋白质的结构与氨基酸组分差异将决定其厌氧转化性能。其次总结了污泥中蛋白类物质厌氧转化的影响因素，包括蛋白质来源、污泥中其他有机物如多糖、无机物如微细砂（二氧化硅）和金属离子、代谢产物如氨氮等。在此基础上归纳了污泥中的蛋白类物质厌氧转化的促进研究，破坏蛋白质的构象、二级结构与氢键网络等将有效强化其厌氧转化性能，其中高温热水解技术能够发挥有效的作用并得到了广泛应用。最后，系统性总结了污泥中蛋白类物质的前沿解析方法包括氨基酸测定方法、荧光光谱法和宏蛋白组学。明晰污泥中蛋白类物质的厌氧转化机制和限制性因素，不仅可以从源头上强化剩余污泥的厌氧转化效率，完善污泥厌氧消化过程中的氮循环理论，还可能从减少亲水性物质的角度改善其后续的脱水性能。

Advances in research on factors affecting anaerobic conversion of proteinaceous materials in sludge and their promotion strategies

Protein is the main organic component in sludge (50%―60% of organic matters) and mainly contributes to biogas production during anaerobic digestion (AD) of sludge. The promotion of protein degradation determines the increase in AD efficiency of sludge and can enhance the dewatering performance of sludge. Firstly, the anaerobic conversion mechanism of protein is summarized. The AD of protein mainly includes two important steps: protein hydrolysis and amino acids metabolism. The structure and amino acids composition of protein will determine its anaerobic conversion performance. Secondly, the influencing factors of anaerobic conversion of protein, including protein source, other organic matters in sludge such as polysaccharides, inorganic substances such as grits and metal ions, as well as metabolites such as ammonia nitrogen are summarized. On this basis, the promotion of anaerobic conversion of protein in sludge is summarized. Destruction of protein conformation, secondary structure and hydrogen bond network will effectively enhance its anaerobic conversion performance, and high temperature thermal hydrolysis technology can be effective and has been widely applied. Finally, a systematic review of the leading analytical methods for proteinaceous materials in sludge including amino acid determination methods, fluorescence spectroscopy and macro-proteomics is conducted. By clarifying the anaerobic conversion mechanism and limiting factors of proteinaceous materials in sludge, the AD of sludge can be strengthened, thereby improving the nitrogen circulation theory during AD of sludge. And the subsequent dewatering performance could also be improved from the view of the hydrophilic substance.