硅藻土基磁性复合材料的研究进展

硅藻土基磁性复合材料因其具有大的比表面积、良好的抗腐蚀性能，能够在外加电场下定向移动且易于分离，同时兼具光电、电磁性，常作为吸附剂、催化剂和吸波基材广泛应用于环境、生物、光电及催化工程中。其磁性组分性能多样使得硅藻土基复合材料具有不同的效能评价，硅藻土表面因磁性组分的复合发生化学和物理变化，因此需要不同的制备方法。本文将磁性硅藻土复合材料基于磁性组分进行分类，综述了近年来的最新硅藻土基磁性复合材料的研究进展，主要探讨了此类复合材料表面及结构、活性机理、制备方法等对其性能的影响，最后根据不同应用领域对复合材料取得的新进展进行介绍。分析表明：硅藻土基磁性复合材料的天然多孔结构所具有的吸收、吸附性能和半导体的磁光性能结合，使得材料性能得到改善的同时具有更好的综合性能。特别是尖晶石型铁氧体-硅藻土在光电催化和吸波领域的性能表现更好，应用前景广泛。

Research progress of diatomite based magnetic catalytic composites

Diatomite-based magnetic composites have large specific surface area and good corrosion resistance. It has both photoelectric and electro-magnetic properties，and widely used as adsorbent, catalyst and wave absorbing substrate in environmental, biological, photoelectric and catalytic engineering. Due to the diversity of its magnetic components, diatomite matrix composites have different performance evaluation. Because of the chemical and physical changes on the surface of diatomite due to the composite of magnetic components, different preparation methods are needed. These problems need to be summarized and sorted out. In this paper, diatomite based magnetic composites were classified according to their magnetic components. The latest research progress of diatomite based magnetic composites in recent years was reviewed. The influence of surface, structure, activity mechanism and preparation method on the properties of diatomite based magnetic composites were discussed. Finally, the new progress of composite materials was introduced according to different application fields. The analysis showed that the adsorption properties of the natural porous structure of diatomite based magnetic composite, combined with the magneto-optical properties of the semiconductor, improved the comprehensive properties. Spinel ferrite - diatomite had better performance in photocatalysis and wave absorption and had a wide application prospect.