生物炭催化生物质热化学转化利用的研究进展

热化学转化是生物质高值化利用技术中最具前景的技术之一,在此过程中引入催化剂可进一步提高反应速率及目标产物产率。生物炭由于具有较发达的孔隙结构和丰富的含氧官能团,近年来开始被应用于生物质热化学转化。本文简述了生物炭催化相关特性,介绍了生物炭作为催化剂催化生物质热化学转化为高品质生物油、气体燃料及催化焦油脱除的相关研究,总结了生物炭原位催化和非原位催化时的转化机理,讨论了生物炭活性位点作用与失活情况,描述了生物炭作为载体时与负载金属粒子间的相互关系,指出应进一步深化对生物炭催化生物质热化学转化利用机理的系统研究,通过调控生物炭物化结构和活性位点,以实现生物质热化学转化过程中较高的目标产物选择性、稳定性和经济性。

Biochar for thermo-chemical conversion of biomass:a review

Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass, one of the most promising ways for highly value utilization of biomass, has the advantages of fast reaction and high conversion efficiency. To improve the yield of the target product, catalysts are widely used. In recent years, biochar is used in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass for its heat stability and catalytic effectiveness, which is closely related to its well-developed pore structure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. In this review, the characteristics of biochar are introduced briefly. References on the use of biochar as catalyst or catalyst support for thermo-chemical conversion of biomass to high-quality bio-oil, gaseous fuel and catalytic tar removal are comprehensively reviewed. The influential parameters as well as the different mechanisms of in-situ and ex-situ catalysis for the corresponding process are summarized. In addition, the action and deactivation of biochar active sites are discussed. What’s more, the relation between biochar and metal is discussed. At last, it is pointed out that the mechanism of thermo-chemical conversion of biochar catalyzed biomass should be further deepened. In order to reach the high production selectivity, stability, and cost-effectiveness of biomass thermo-chemical conversion, the modification of biochar structure and active sites can be applied.