高氯酸盐还原菌的代谢过程及应用研究进展

生物法降解高氯酸盐（\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}）作为一种经济、高效、二次污染小的技术，在处理\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}方面取得了显著的效果。本文综述了高氯酸盐还原菌还原\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}的主要机理、不同菌株的来源及特性、降解过程中其他因素（如电子受体、电子供体、pH、温度、盐度和重金属等）对高氯酸盐还原菌性能的影响并对高氯酸盐还原菌的应用现状进行了概述。指出高氯酸盐还原菌广泛存在于环境中，可通过一系列还原酶将\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}还原为Cl^-，但是不同菌株的还原机理可能存在一定差异需进一步研究。同时操作参数和环境因子均会对高氯酸盐还原菌降解\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}性能产生或正或负的显著影响。电子供体的额外投加作为生物法的缺点，使得其在实际工程中的应用非常有限。因此，寻找经济性较好的电子供体并将其应用在实际工程中是未来生物法降解\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}研究的热点。本文就电子供体的投加策略及未来高氯酸盐降解研究方向提供了一些见解，以期实现生物法更经济、高效地应用在实际\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}污染水体处理中。

Metabolism and application of perchlorate reducing bacteria in microbial reduction of perchlorate:a review

As an economical, efficient and less secondary pollution technology, microbial method has obtained notable achievements and concerns for removal of \mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}. The current review comprehensively summarizes the main mechanisms, source and screening of micro-organisms, major influencing factors (ie., electron acceptor, electron donor, pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metals and so on, on the performance of perchlorate reducing bacteria as well as the application status reported in literatures. The results demonstrated that perchlorate reducing bacteria are abundant under ambient conditions and it can easily reduce \mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-} through a series of reductases, but different microorganisms may have different pathways and that should be revealed in the future research, furthermore, operational parameters and environmental factors could exert significant effects on the performance of perchlorate reducing bacteria to degrade \mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}, positively or negatively. Dosing extra electron donor is still the defects of microbial method, thus the technology has not been applied widely yet in some degree. Based on that understandings, establishing an economical strategy for electron donors should be explored. New option of electron donor dosing and the future research direction were proposed to provide some insights to the pertinent engineering challenges of perchlorate reducing bacteria in the degradation of \mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}.