生物支架系统在合成生物学中的应用

合成生物学作为一种新兴的工程化生物学，可以在底盘细胞中引入外源基因模块实现新功能。但是如何将多种外源模块（酶）进行有效地组装从而提高其协同催化功能是急需解决的一个重大问题。由于异源酶在新宿主中存在内源环境适应性问题，限制了酶的生物活性。生物支架系统作为一种有效手段，可以提供有效的多酶组装系统。恰当的生物支架能够提供适应环境的柔性平台，实现多酶体系的表达调控，稳定性组装，利于酶与底物结合的区域化设计。本综述对不同类型的生物支架的研究进展进行了系统的总结。文中根据不同类型支架（蛋白型、核酸型）的特点，介绍了典型的应用范例，论述了每种支架的优势与不足，并对生物支架的常见工作机制做了详细讨论。最后对生物支架在人工细胞器设计和复杂聚合物降解等方面的应用做出展望。

Application of biological scaffold system on synthetic biology

Synthetic biology, as a new emerging engineering biology, has great potentials to construct cell factories with new function through introducing heterologous gene modules. However, how to effectively assemble heterogeneous modules (enzymes) to perform the desired biological function is a significant challenge. The biological activities of the enzymes are often impaired, because of the badly adaptation between intracellular environment and the introduced heterologous enzymes. The biological scaffold system is regarded as an effective strategy to assemble the multi-enzyme system. Furthermore, the appropriate biological scaffold could provide a flexible platform to adapt to the endogenous environment, leading to realizing the expression regulation and assembling multi-enzymes system stably, and designing advantageous regional structure to promote the binding of enzymes to substrates. This review systematically summarized advances in different types of biological scaffolds. Basing on the characteristics of different types of scaffolds (protein based scaffolds, nucleic acid based scaffolds), we illustrated the typical applications, discussed the advantages and disadvantages among different types of scaffolds, and explained some common operating mechanisms of biological scaffolding. Finally, the outlooks of biological scaffolds in potential applications of artificial organelles and complex polymers degradation were also proposed.