环氧化合物亲核开环反应过程强化研究进展

环氧化合物因其特殊环应变而具有显著的反应性，在酸或碱的催化下与许多亲核试剂进行开环反应，可用于制备各种合成中间体。环氧化合物开环反应的区域选择性和立体选择性是合成化学的核心课题。本文综述了环氧化合物亲核开环反应过程强化的国内外进展，从新材料（介质）强化、外场强化、过程装备强化等方面介绍了不同强化策略对环氧化合物亲核开环反应的影响，重点分析了新型多孔材料、金属氧化物、离子液体等几类材料对环氧化合物亲核开环反应的催化性能的影响，并指出了实际工业生产中环氧化合物亲核开环反应强化技术中依然存在转化率和选择性不高、反应能耗大的问题。提出建立基于环氧化合物开环反应特性的多种强化技术耦合的过程强化方法是今后的发展方向。

Process intensification in nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of epoxides

Due to the exceptional ring strains, epoxides have remarkable reactivity, which can be reacted with nucleophiles to product the various synthetic intermediates via ring-opening reaction under the acid or base catalysis. The regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of ring-opening reactions of epoxides are the central topics of synthetic chemistry. This review provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research, aiming to put insight into the development of process strengthening for ring-opening of epoxides. The effects of different strengthening strategies are introduced from the aspects of intensification of new material, intensification at the presence external field and intensification of process equipment. Meanwhile, the effects of new porous materials, metal oxides, and ionic liquids on the nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of epoxides are also emphatically analyzed. In the practical industrial processes, the conversion and selectivity of the nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of epoxides in strengthening technologies are still low, and the energy consumption is high. Furthermore, this study reveals that the establishment of the coupling process of various strengthening technologies based on the ring-opening reactions of epoxides is the future research direction.