湿垃圾组分对厌氧消化抑制作用的研究进展

随着人民生活水平的提高以及垃圾分类工作的开展，我国湿垃圾产量预计将进一步增大，这对湿垃圾的处理处置形成新的挑战。厌氧消化可以实现湿垃圾的资源利用，是目前主流的处理工艺，但湿垃圾组分理化特性可能会对其厌氧消化产生抑制作用。通过文献调研，本文总结了国内外湿垃圾的理化特性，发现不同地区湿垃圾的组分差异较大，并且湿垃圾具有高易腐有机物、高蛋白、高油脂、高盐分、高粗纤维等特性，这会使厌氧消化系统容易产生酸化、氨抑制、反应速率慢等问题。在此基础上，针对湿垃圾组分特性带来的抑制问题，本文提出了共消化、投加添加剂、去除抑制因子和选用合适的工艺形式等优化缓解方法，最后对未来的研究方向提出了展望，以期为湿垃圾资源化提供参考。

Research progress of the inhibition of components of food waste on anaerobic digestion

With the improvement of living standard of people and the implementation of garbage classification, the production of food waste in China is gradually increasing, which poses a new challenge to environmental pollution control. Anaerobic digestion is one of the mainstream treatment methods because it can realize the resource utilization of food waste. However, characteristics of food waste may inhibit the anaerobic digestion process. This paper summarizes the characteristics of food waste at home and abroad, and finds that the components of food waste in different regions are quite different. Food waste has the characteristics of high perishable organic matter, high protein, high fat, high salt and high crude fiber, which can easily cause some problems such as acidification, ammonia suppression and long solid retention time. They can be relieved by co-digestion with other substances, addition of additives, removal of inhibitors and selection of appropriate processes. Finally, the mitigation methods of each component of food waste are summarized and the research prospects are proposed, to promote the development of resource utilization of food waste.