国外渣油加氢技术研究进展

随着原油劣质化趋势的加剧及环保法规的日益严格,渣油加氢技术已成为炼厂提高轻油收率的关键技术。本文针对目前主要的渣油加氢技术,比较了固定床、沸腾床、悬浮床、移动床四大类型渣油加氢技术的优势和不足,重点分析了国外主要的渣油加氢技术的研究进展,探讨了未来的发展趋势。固定床加氢技术最成熟,在可预见的未来仍将占据渣油加氢的主导地位;沸腾床加氢技术日趋成熟,代表未来渣油加氢的发展方向;移动床加氢技术暂不作为渣油加氢的有效手段;悬浮床加氢技术尚未实现工业化应用,正在建设多套工业装置,具有良好的发展前景。渣油加氢技术与其他重油加工工艺进行优化集成,将会显著提高炼厂的经济效益。

Research progress in hydroprocessing technology for imported residuum

Heavy metal ions threaten human health seriously for its toxicity, difficulty of biodegradation and accumulation in organisms. Adsorption is a feasible and effective method for the removal of heavy metal ions. In this paper, three different metamorphic grade coals of lignite, bituminite and anthracite were used to obtain the ultrafine coal powders through high energy ball milling. Adsorption mechanism and effect of dosage and pH on Ni²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ adsorption were studied. Adsorption values of Ni²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ on three ultrafine coals all increased with time and adsorption of Ni²⁺ was better than Cr⁶⁺. The adsorption values of lignite, anthracite and bituminite for Ni²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ were 3.906mg/g, 3.582mg/g, 2.983mg/g and 1.953mg/g, 1.774mg/g, 0.487mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data followed the pseudo second-order model and equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich equation well. With increasing dosage and pH, removal rates of Ni²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ all increased gradually, but under the same conditions, adsorption effect of lignite was obviously better than bituminite and anthracite.