湘味卤豆干中腐败微生物的分离鉴定及控制

目的：更好地控制湘味卤豆干腐败微生物的生长，保证湘味卤豆干的食品安全。方法：采用平板划线法进行初筛，结合菌落形态观察、革兰氏染色、16S rDNA和ITS序列鉴定湘味卤豆干中的腐败微生物。结果：共分离筛选得到9株菌株，KZ2780-3和KZ2780-4为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、NZ2559-1为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、JZ2559-5为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）、FZ2559-2为肺炎克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）、SZ2641-5为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、RZ2641-7为溶血性葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus haemolyticus）、BZ2780-1为鲍氏不动杆菌（Acinetobacter baui）、CZ2780-5为橘青霉（Penicillium citri）。结论：引起湘味卤豆干腐败的菌株是枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、屎肠球菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、橘青霉。湘味卤豆干的控制方法是超高温瞬时杀菌技术、等离子体杀菌技术、天然抑菌物质结合生物防腐剂、真空包装、气调保鲜等。

Isolation, identification and control of spoilage microorganisms in Xiangwei stewed bean

Objective: To better control the growth of spoilage microorganisms, and ensure the food safety of Xiangwei Luodou dry. Methods: The putrefactive microorganisms in Xiangwei dried tofu were identified by plate scribing method, colony morphology observation, Gram staining, 16S rDNA and ITS sequence. Results: A total of 9 strains were isolated andscreened. KZ2780-3 and KZ2780-4 are Bacillus subtilis, NZ2559-1 is Bacillus cereus, and JZ2559-5 is Bacillusamylolyticus amyloliquefaciens, FZ2559-2 for Klebsiella pneumoniae, SZ2641-5 for Enterococcus faecium, RZ2641-7 for Staphylococcus haemolyticus, BZ2780-1 for Acinetobacter baui, CZ2780-5 for Penicillium citri. Conclusion: The strains causing dry rot of Xiangwei bean are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Acinetobacter baui and Penicillium citri. The control methods of Xiangwei stewed bean dry are ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization technology, plasma sterilization technology, natural antibacterial substances combined with biological preservatives, vacuum packaging, air conditioning preservation and so on.