Mimosa-Inspired High-Sensitive and Multi-Responsive Starch Actuators

Artificial intelligent actuators are extensively explored for emerging applications such as soft robots, human-machine interfaces, and biomedical devices. However, intelligent actuating systems based on synthesized polymers suffer from challenges in renewability, sustainability, and safety, while natural polymer-based actuators show limited capabilities and performances due to the presence of abundant hydrogen-bond lockers. Here this study reports a new hydrogen bond-mediated strategy to develop mimosa-inspired starch actuators (SA). By harnessing the unique features of gelatinization and abundant hydrogen bonds, these SA enable high-sensitivity and multi-responsive actuation in various scenarios. The non-gelatinized SA can be irreversibly programmed into diverse shapes, such as artificial flowers, bowl shapes, and helix structures, using near-infrared light. Furthermore, the gelatinized SA exhibit reversibly multi-responsive actuation when exposed to low humidity (10.2%), low temperature (37 °C), or low-energy light (0.42 W cm^?2). More importantly, the SA demonstrate robust applications in smart living, including artificial mimosa, intelligent lampshade, and morphing food. By overcoming the hydrogen-bond lockers inherent in natural polymers, SA open new avenues for next-generation recyclable materials and actuators, bringing them closer to practical applications.