基于精细化多刚体模型的微型汽车耐撞性研究

针对有限元模型仿真结果精确但计算时间长和多刚体模型计算时间短但仿真结果不够精确的问题，提出了整车精细化多刚体模型，通过平台翻滚试验验证了精细化多刚体模型的可靠性。通过分析车辆顶部关键结构的侵入量、应力分布、碰撞过程中力的传递路径和各结构比吸能，确定了翻滚工况下车辆的关键结构为A柱与前挡横梁。通过建立目标车型整车精细化多刚体模型，提出了基于车辆A柱与前挡横梁的翻滚耐撞性优化方案，优化结果表明：A柱与前挡横梁总质量减小了6.8%，前挡横梁折弯量减小了17.1%，比吸能增加了15.5%，整车生存空间侵入量减小了17.7%。

Research on Crashworthiness of Minivans Based on Refined Multi-rigid Body Model

Aiming at the problems of the finite element model with accurate simulation results and long calculation time, the multi-rigid body model with short calculation time and inexact simulation results, a refined multi-rigid body model for the whole vehicles was proposed. The reliability of the refined multi-rigid body model was verified by the platform tumbling tests. By analyzing the intrusion amounts of the key structure on the top of the vehicles, the stress distribution, the transmission path of the forces during the collision processes and the specific energy absorption of each structure, the key structures of the vehicles under the tumbling conditions were determined, which were the A-pillar and the front-retaining beam. Through the establishment of the refined multi-rigid body model of the target vehicles, a tumbling crashworthiness optimization scheme was proposed based on the vehicle A-pillars and the front-retaining beam. The optimization results show that the total masses of the A-pillar and the front-retaining beam are decreased by 6.8%, the bending amount of the front-retaining beam is decreased by 17.1%, the energy absorption is increased by 15.5%, and the intrusion of the vehicles living spaces is decreased by 17.7%.