Analysis of the EU renewable energy directive by a techno-economic optimisation model |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), PO Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway;2. Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), PO Box 5091, Majorstua, N-0301 Oslo, Norway;1. Fridtjof Nansen Institute, P.O. Box 326, 1326, Lysaker, Norway;2. Institute for Urban and Regional Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 NMBU 1432 Ås, Norway;1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;2. Center for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan;3. Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China;4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan;6. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan;1. Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;2. UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London WC1H 0NN, UK;3. Institute of Transport Studies, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;4. e4sma s.r.l., Via Livorno, 60 – Environment Park, I-10144 Turin, Italy;1. Faculty of Management, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Piata Romana 6, 030173 Bucharest, Romania;2. Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Calea Serban Voda 22-24, 040211 Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract: | The EU renewable energy (RES) directive sets a target of increasing the share of renewable energy used in the EU to 20% by 2020. The Norwegian goal for the share of renewable energy in 2020 is 67.5%, an increase from 60.1% in 2005. The Norwegian power production is almost solely based on renewable resources and the possibility to change from fossil power plants to renewable power production is almost non-existing. Therefore other measures have to be taken to fulfil the RES directive. Possible ways for Norway to reach its target for 2020 are analysed with a technology-rich, bottom-up energy system model (TIMES-Norway). This new model is developed with a high time resolution among others to be able to analyse intermittent power production. Model results indicate that the RES target can be achieved with a diversity of options including investments in hydropower, wind power, high-voltage power lines for export, various heat pump technologies, energy efficiency measures and increased use of biodiesel in the transportation sector. Hence, it is optimal to invest in a portfolio of technology choices in order to satisfy the RES directive, and not one single technology in one energy sector. |
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| Keywords: | Energy system model Scenario analysis Renewable energy |
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