Electricity and heating system in Kazakhstan: Exploring energy efficiency improvement paths |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Private Institute (PI) "Center for Energy Research" Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr avenue, 01000 Astana, Kazakhstan;2. Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modeling and Analysis (E4SMA) S.r.l, Via Livorno 60, I-10144Turin, Italy;3. Applied Systems Analyses, Technology and Research, Energy Models (ASATREM), Via Colli Farnesina 144, I-00135 Rome;1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China;2. Harbin Boiler Company Limited, Harbin 150046, China;3. College of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China;4. State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;1. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden;1. China Electricity Council, Beijing 100761, PR China;2. Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization, Beijing 100031, PR China;1. Center for Electric Power and Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 33, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | The Kazakh energy system is less efficient than most other national energy systems. The electricity and heat sub-systems account for about one half of the difference between the primary energy supply and the final consumption. After reviewing the technology chains of electricity and heat generation, transmission and distribution and their organisation, this paper presents scenario studies on the possible evolutions of these sub-systems to 2030. It describes the representation of the heat and electricity chains in the MARKAL–TIMES-Kazakhstan model, with focus on the residential and commercial sectors, and some key input data assumptions. The main scenario drivers are the need to improve the efficiency of electricity and heat in the residential and commercial sectors and to reduce GHG emissions from the energy system as a whole. The model results point to the possibility of achieving cost effective energy efficiency improvement of more than 2% per annum and it would entail a net economic advantage to the country. |
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| Keywords: | Energy system efficiency Partial equilibrium bottom-up models Power and CHP plants |
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