Environmental and life cycle analysis of a biodiesel production line from sunflower in the Province of Siena (Italy) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;2. Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;3. Life Cycle Engineering Department, University of Stuttgart, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany;4. Gardner Denver Nash, Charleroi, PA 15022, USA;5. School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, PO BOX 74135-111, Jahrom, Iran;2. Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;3. Economics School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China;1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy;2. Corissia Research Centre of Palermo, Italy;3. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy;4. Department of Energy, Engineering Information and Mathematical Models, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy;1. Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Langroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Langroud, Iran;3. Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;4. Department of Agricultural Mechanization Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran;1. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali, Via Cagiata, 90, 60027 Osimo, AN, Italy;2. Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo del CNR (ISAFOM-CNR), Via Empedocle, 58, 95128 Catania, Italy;3. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali, Via di Corticella, 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy;4. Agenzia regionale per lo sviluppo rurale – ERSA, Via Montesanto, 17, 34170 Gorizia, Italy;1. University of Toulouse, LEREPS, 21 allée de Brienne, 31042 Toulouse Cedex, France;2. French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | The Directive 2009/28/EC established the overall target that 20% of energy consumption should be represented by renewable energy sources by 2020 in each European member state. Furthermore, the Directive sets a mandatory 10% minimum target for biofuels in the transport sector.Biofuels are potentially an important alternative to mineral diesel. We propose a pilot production line of biodiesel from sunflower on local scale in the Province of Siena (Tuscany) to research a possible reduction of fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector.This study might represent an opportunity to reduce petroleum dependence in the transport sector.Environmental Impact Indicators were provided by Material Flow Accounting, Embodied Energy Analysis and Emergy Accounting. Results showed that agricultural phase is the critical step in the production line.A comparative Life Cycle Assessment analysis for the biodiesel production line with mineral diesel production showed environmental advantages of the biofuel production, however requiring a higher land demand. Therefore, biodiesel may not the optimal solution on large scale but might be a good alternative to fossil fuel. This would depend upon the entire production cycle taking place in a limited area. This is necessary in order to fulfill the needs of local farms and small enterprises. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiesel Environmental impact indicators Comparative LCA |
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