Modern bioenergy from agricultural and forestry residues in Cameroon: Potential,challenges and the way forward |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD), UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, Frederiksborgvej 399, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. World Agroforestry Centre Regional Office, PO Box 16317, Yaoundé, Cameroon;3. Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG25, Legon, Ghana;4. World Agroforestry Centre, PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;5. World Agroforestry Centre Regional Office, PO Box 16317, Yaoundé, Cameroon;1. Y?ld?z Technical University, Deparment of Economics, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Dogus University, Department of Economics and Finance, Acibadem, Kadikoy, Istanbul 34722, Turkey;1. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, India;2. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, Haryana, India;3. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India;4. Department of Farm Machinery & Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, India;5. Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, 303329, India;6. Swami Keshwan and Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India;1. National Advanced School of Engineering, Yaounde, Cameroon;2. University of Dschang, Cameroon;3. University of Maroua, Cameroon;1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jubail Industrial College, PO Box 10099, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Management and Information Technology, Jubail Industrial College, PO Box 10099, Saudi Arabia;3. School of Engineering, Faculty of Design and Technology, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, Scotland, United Kingdom;4. Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia;5. Department of Engineering Infrastructure, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure, Abuja, Nigeria;6. Faculty of Law, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;7. University of Malaya Malaysian Centre of Regulatory Studies (UMCoRS), University of Malaya, 5990 Jalan Pantai Baru, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;8. Department of Real Estate, Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;1. Engineering Faculty, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus of Guaratinguetá, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Ariberto P. da Cunha, 333, Guaratinguetá, SP 12510410, Brazil;2. National University of Mar del Plata – UNMdP, Engineering Faculty, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, Mar del Plata, BsAs 7630, Argentina;3. Engineering Faculty, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus of Guaratinguetá, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Av. Ariberto P. da Cunha, 333, Guaratinguetá, SP 12510410, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Environmentally benign modern bioenergy is widely acknowledged as a potential substitute for fossil fuels to offset the human dependence on fossil fuels for energy. We have profiled Cameroon, a country where modern bioenergy remains largely untapped due to a lack of availability of biomass data and gaps in existing policies. This study assessed the biomass resource potential in Cameroon from sustainably extracted agricultural and forest residues. We estimated that environmentally benign residues amount to 1.11 million bone dry tons per year. This has the potential to yield 0.12–0.32 billion liters of ethanol annually to displace 18–48% of the national consumption of gasoline. Alternatively, the residues could provide 0.08–0.22 billion liters of biomass to Fischer Tropsch diesel annually to offset 17–45% of diesel fuel use. For the generation of bioelectricity, the residues could supply 0.76–2.02 TW h, which is the equivalent of 15–38% of Cameroon's current electricity consumption. This could help spread electricity throughout the country, especially in farming communities where the residues are plentiful. The residues could, however, offset only 3% of the national consumption of traditional biomass (woodfuel and charcoal). Policy recommendations that promote the wider uptake of modern bioenergy applications from residues are provided. |
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| Keywords: | Agricultural and forestry residues Second generation bioenergy Cameroon |
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