Life-cycle energy of residential buildings in China |
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Affiliation: | 1. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia;2. School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia;1. Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, 117566, Singapore;2. Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018 China |
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Abstract: | In the context of rapid urbanization and new construction in rural China, residential building energy consumption has the potential to increase with the expected increase in demand. A process-based hybrid life-cycle assessment model is used to quantify the life-cycle energy use for both urban and rural residential buildings in China and determine the energy use characteristics of each life cycle phase. An input–output model for the pre-use phases is based on 2007 Chinese economic benchmark data. A process-based life-cycle assessment model for estimating the operation and demolition phases uses historical energy-intensity data. Results show that operation energy in both urban and rural residential buildings is dominant and varies from 75% to 86% of life cycle energy respectively. Gaps in living standards as well as differences in building structure and materials result in a life-cycle energy intensity of urban residential buildings that is 20% higher than that of rural residential buildings. The life-cycle energy of urban residential buildings is most sensitive to the reduction of operational energy intensity excluding heating energy which depends on both the occupants' energy-saving behavior as well as the performance of the building itself. |
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Keywords: | Energy consumption Life-cycle assessment Residential building China |
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