Colombian ancillary services and international connections: Current weaknesses and policy challenges |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus la Nubia, A.A. 127, Manizales, Colombia;2. XM, Markets Experts S. A., Calle 12 Sur N. 18-168, Medellín, Colombia;3. School of Systems, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 80 N. 65-223, bloque M8-211, Medellín, Colombia;1. UBC – Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal;2. CIBIO-UE – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Pole of Évora – Research Group in Applied Ecology, Portugal;3. LabOr – Laboratory of Ornithology, Portugal;4. ICAAM – Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Portugal;5. Department of Biology, University of Évora. Mitra, 7002-554 – Évora, Portugal;1. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA;2. Dept. de Matemàtica Aplicada II, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;1. Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 322, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Meniga ehf., Kringlan 5, 103 Reykjavik, Iceland;1. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan;2. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;1. Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;2. Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;3. Competence Networks Biomimetic and BIOKON e.V., Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Ancillary services are required to maintain the unity, stability, and quality of power systems. In Colombia these services are required to operate the national power system and the international connections with the neighboring countries. The system is influenced by factors ranging from system's topology to social and political aspects, such as the large number of terrorist attacks. In light of these particularities, we consider Colombia as a learning lab for ancillary services in the region. Colombia's power system relies on three ancillary services for its operation, namely frequency regulation, voltage control, and blackstart service. From 2010 Special Protection Systems were also added. In this paper we first analyze the technical aspects, operational restrictions, financial management, and the most relevant regulatory conditions of these ancillary services of the SIN. We also take into consideration the main regulatory characteristics and statistical data related to energy exchanges that have taken place between Colombia and Venezuela and Ecuador. Thereafter, we depict the main weaknesses and policy challenges that Colombia must address in order to increase the effectiveness and coverage of ancillary services in both the SIN and in the international interconnections. Finally, we propose new market oriented regulations to encourage investments and new tools for international connections. |
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