钚气溶胶的形成机理

核科学研究、核电站事故与核恐怖袭击释放的钚气溶胶,是一种危害公众与环境安全的毒性材料。掌握钚气溶胶的形成机理,不仅是评估和预防其辐射影响的理论基础,而且是钚气溶胶采样、特性分析等工作的重要前提。本文依据气溶胶粒子三种模态分布理论,总结了钚气溶胶形成过程中的气相成核与凝结凝聚两个控制步骤,综述了氧化、燃烧、高能事件等不同场景下的钚材料气溶胶化的形成机理,包括钚气溶胶形成时的化学过程研究进展,以期对后续的相关研究工作有帮助。

The Formation Mechanism of Plutonium Aerosol

Nuclear science research, nuclear power plant accidents and nuclear terrorist attacks release plutonium aerosols, which are harmful to the public and environmental safety. Grasping the mechanism ofthe formation of plutonium aerosols is not only the theoretical basis for assessing and preventing the effects of radiation, but also an important prerequisitefor plutonium aerosol sampling and characterization. Based on the three modal distribution theories of aerosol particles, two control steps of gas phase nucleation and coagulation & aggregation in plutonium aerosol formation are summarized.The aerosolization of plutonium in different scenarios such as oxidation, combustion and high energy events is reviewed, including the development of chemicalprocess research, with a view to assisting subsequent efforts.