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Design and performance of the SLD vertex detector: a 307 Mpixel tracking system |
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| Affiliation: | a Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77, Japan b University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5203, USA c Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA d Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94309, USA e Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA f Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK g Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middx, UB8 3PM, UK h University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-4525, USA i Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan j University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA k Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA l University of Washington, Seattle, WA 9819501560, USA |
| Abstract: | This paper describes the design, construction, and initial operation of SLD's upgraded vertex detector which comprises 96 two-dimensional charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with a total of 307 Mpixel. Each pixel functions as an independent particle detecting element, providing space point measurements of charged particle tracks with a typical precision of 4 μm in each co-ordinate. The CCDs are arranged in three concentric cylinders just outside the beam-pipe which surrounds the e+e? collision point of the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). The detector is a powerful tool for distinguishing displaced vertex tracks, produced by decay in flight of heavy flavour hadrons or tau leptons, from tracks produced at the primary event vertex. The requirements for this detector include a very low mass structure (to minimize multiple scattering) both for mechanical support and to provide signal paths for the CCDs; operation at low temperature with a high degree of mechanical stability; and high speed CCD readout, signal processing, and data sparsification. The lessons learned in achieving these goals should be useful for the construction of large arrays of CCDs or active pixel devices in the future in a number of areas of science and technology. |
| Keywords: | Vertex detector Particle tracking Pixels Charge-coupled device (CCD) Heavy flavour Charm quark Bottom quark Tau lepton |
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