镍火法冶炼废渣中钴、镍回收的研究进展

综述了镍火法冶炼废渣中钴、镍等有价金属资源综合回收技术.通过回顾镍火法冶炼过程中产生的典型废渣的物相研究以及渣中钴、镍等有价金属回收的研究现状,分析和讨论了主要处理镍冶炼废渣工艺的优势及存在的缺陷,展望了研究方向和趋势.指出选矿法尽管能够经济地实现钴、镍富集的目的,但存在原料适用范围狭窄的局限性;火法处理工艺存在能耗高,会产生气态污染物的缺陷;微生物浸出工艺存在反应速率低的问题,但具有工艺简单、投资少等优点,是极具发展前景的研究方向.氧压酸浸能够高选择性浸出钴、镍,钴、镍的回收率高,过程无有害废弃物产生,环境友好,是今后提取废渣中钴、镍的可取方法.炉渣缓冷、焙烧或还原预处理后再进行氧压酸浸,浸出过程中加入含镍的磁黄铁矿等尾矿替代硫酸作为浸出剂,是氧压浸出工艺的发展趋势.

Progress on recovery of cobalt and nickel from waste slag of the nickel pyrometallurgy

The comprehensive methods of recycling valuable metal resources such as cobalt and nickel from waste slag produced in the nickel smelter were reviewed. Mineralogical characteristics of typical waste slag and research status on the reclamation of valuable metals,cobalt and nickel in particular from the slag were introduced. Advantages and limitations of the main methods were analyzed and discussed. Furthermore,the research direction and trend were predicted. And it was pointed out that although the purpose of enriching cobalt and nickel can be realized economically by ore dressing method,the drawback of narrow raw material application scope is obvious. The defects of gaseous pollutant emission and high energy consumption exist in pyrometallurgical process. While the reaction velocity of bioleaching process is low, the characteristics of simple process,low investment and etc,can make it a promising research direction full of development prospect. High pressure oxidative acid leaching (HPOAL) is considered to be environmentally friendly and suitable for extracting cobalt and nickel from the slag because of high recovery of nickel and cobalt without hazardous materials being produced in the process. The slag is treated by HPOAL after slow-cooling,roasting and or reduction pretreatment,and alternative materials of sulfuric acid like pyrrhotite tailing containing certain quantity of nickel and other metals as leaching agents during this process. This can be the developing trend of HPOAL.