"言外之力"的不可译性与大学英语教学

跨文化交际中,人们往往会发现交际双方由于受到不同文化背景、不同社会规范和社会言语规则等因素制约,采用本民族的交际方略,直接把自己语言的话语翻译成目标语,与非本民族的人进行交际,造成对方对言外行为(il-locutionary act)的意义产生误解,丧失“言外之力”(illocutionary force),从而导致语用失误(pragm atic failure)。这种语句可以被翻译而语句的“言外之力”不可被翻译(untranslatab ility)的语用迁移现象在中外跨文化交际中时常发生。本文试图借助于跨文化交际学和信息语言学的原理,并结合大学英语课堂教学实际,对这一现象进行剖析,指出引起这一现象的原因,分析了变“不可译”为“可译”的可能性,并提出了加以避免的方法。

A Tentative Discussion on Untranslatability of Illocutionary Force

In the intercultural communication,it is always a case for both interlocutors,governed by different cultural background,social norms and social rules of speaking,to use the speaking strategy of their own in conversing with the other.They tend to render directly what is their own way of speaking into the target language,causing a misunderstanding of illocutionary act in the hearer and a loss of illocutionary force,as a result,leading to pragmatic failure.The present paper,from the perspective of intercultural communication,information theory and language teaching,endeavors to give a detailed discussion on the untranslatability of illocutionary force and the possibility of making the force translatable,meanwhile,ways to avoid it are also suggested.