钢轨动力吸振器减振降噪特性分析

采用钢轨动力吸振器是降低轮轨振动噪声的有效措施之一,基于有限元和边界元法建立钢轨动力吸振器振动噪声计算模型,分析单自由度钢轨动力吸振器系统和多重钢轨动力吸振器系统的减振降噪性能差异,调查在不同车轮钢轨表面粗糙度、不同列车运行速度工况下钢轨动力吸振器结构降噪特性。计算结果表明:多重钢轨动力吸振器结构较单自由度钢轨动力吸振器结构有更为优良的减振和降噪性能。随着列车运行速度增加,轮轨总辐射噪声增加,同时钢轨动力吸振器结构的降噪效果也有一定提升,而对于不同轮轨表面粗糙度,钢轨动力吸振器降噪量效果不会有较大的波动。

Analysis of Vibration and Noise Reduction Characteristics of Rail Vibration Absorbers

Using rail vibration absorbers is one of the effective measures to reduce the wheel/rail noise and vibration.In this paper,the rail vibration absorber model is established based on finite element and boundary element methods to predict the wheel/rail noise and vibration.The difference of vibration and noise reduction performance between single-DOF rail vibration absorbers and multi-rail vibration absorbers is analyzed and the noise reduction characteristics of rail vibration absorbers under different wheel and rail surface roughness and train speeds are investigated.The results show that the multirail vibration absorber has better vibration and noise reduction effects than the single-DOF rail vibration absorber.With the increase of train speed,the total radiation noise of wheel and rail increases,and the noise reduction effect of the rail vibration absorbers also increases.While for different surface roughness of wheel and rail,the noise reduction effects of the rail vibration are essentially the same.