特厚煤层大采高综放开采关键技术

大采高综放是特厚煤层的主要开采方法，但随着割煤和放煤高度的增加，将带来矿压显现剧烈、工作面煤壁片帮严重、顶煤采出率低、瓦斯涌出量大等突出问题。笔者在分析我国煤炭综放开采技术发展历程的基础上，以塔山煤矿8105工作面为工程背景，研究了14~20 m特厚煤层大采高综放工作面顶煤顶板运移规律，成功研发了大采高综放工作面片帮综合防治技术、高效高采出率放煤技术和“低瓦斯赋存，高瓦斯涌出”条件下安全保障等关键技术。井下试验表明：塔山煤矿8105工作面采出率达88.9%，较8104工作面提高5.9%；工作面设备平均开机率达92.1%，2011年累计生产原煤1 084.9万t，首次实现了大采高综放开采全国产技术工作面年产1 000万t的目标。

Key technology for fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in extra-thick coal seam

Fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height is the main mining method for extra-thick coal seam.However，as the hight of coal cutting and coal caving increases，prominent problems such as severe mine pressurebehaviour，severe rib spalling in working face，low top coal recovery rate and high gas emission rate and so on emerge. Based on the analysis of the development history of the fully-mechanized top coal caving in China，taking the working face 8105 at Tashan Coal Mine as the engineering background，authors studied the movement characteristics of the top coal and roof at the fully-mechanized top coal caving face with large mining height in the 14-20 m extra-thick coal seam，successfully developed key technologies such as the comprehensive prevention and control technology for rib spalling at the fully-mechanized top coal caving face with large mining height，high-efficient coal caving technology with high recovery rate and safety guarantee technology for mining under the condition of “low gas occurrence，high gas emission”，etc.The underground test showed that the recovery rate at the fully-mechanized top coal caving face with large mining height 8105 at Tashan Coal Mine reaches 88.9% which is 5.9% higher than that at working face 8104，the average operating rate of the equipment at the working face reach 92.1%，and the raw coal produced at the face in 2011 reach 10.849 Mt，which achiev the objective of 10 Mt coal produced at the fully-mechanized top coal caving face with large mining height using domestic equipment in a year.