基于AHP-CRITIC-TOPSIS的智能养老辅助产品设计研究

目的 针对目前智能养老辅助产品研究优选过程中，权重计算时主观权重信息占比过大的问题，将主客观权重与逼近理想解的排序方法相结合，运用于产品评价和优选体系，进行科学有效性排序。方法 首先，运用德尔菲法、调查问卷等方法，整理出老年人对智能辅助产品的需求，提出设计评价指标;其次，运用层次分析法(AHP)计算出主观权重，运用客观赋权法(CRITIC)计算出客观权重。进一步用公式将主、客观权重进行组合，计算出各指标的组合权重;最后，结合逼近理想解的排序方法(TOPSIS)对设计方案进行优选。以三种老年智能助行器设计方案为例，详解框架及流程。结果 实践证明，智能养老辅助产品评价体系准则层中功能需求最重要，在要素层中操作简易、群体互动和多样附属功能是评价智能辅助产品的重要指标。根据指标计算出三种方案相对贴近度，贴近度最高的方案二为最佳方案。结论 所分析的产品评价体系、提出的设计策略和方案比选方法可以为智能养老辅助产品设计提供参考。事实证明，综合运用AHP、CRITIC、TOPSIS方法的老年助行器设计方法优选模型更科学，多维数据下结合主客观权重方法得到的综合权重值更加合理，更能证明设计的针对性和有效性。

Design of Intelligent Elderly Care Auxiliary Products Based on AHP-CRITIC-TOPSIS

The work aims to combine the subjective and objective weights with the sorting method approaching the ideal solution, and apply them to the product evaluation and optimization system to carry out scientific and effective research sort, so as to solve problem that the subjective weight information accounts for too much in the weight calculation in the current research and optimization of intelligent elderly care auxiliary products. Firstly, Delphi method, questionnaire and other methods were adopted to sort out the needs of the elderly for intelligent assistance products, and propose design evaluation indicators. Secondly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate the subjective weight, and the objective weighting method (CRITIC) was used to calculate the objective weights. Then, the formula was used to combine the subjective and objective weights to calculate the comprehensive weight of each index. Finally, the ranking method (TOPSIS) approaching the ideal solution was combined to optimize the design scheme. With three design schemes of intelligent elderly walkers as examples, the framework and process were explained in detail. Practice proved that functional requirements were the most important in the criterion layer of the evaluation system of intelligent elderly care auxiliary products. And in the element layer, easy operation, group interaction and diverse auxiliary functions were important indicators for evaluating intelligent auxiliary products. According to the indicators, the relative closeness of the three schemes was calculated, and the second scheme with the highest closeness was the best scheme. The analyzed product evaluation system, the proposed design strategy and scheme comparison method can provide a reference for the design of intelligent elderly care auxiliary products. Facts have proved that the selection model of the elderly walker design method that comprehensively uses AHP, CRITIC, and TOPSIS is more scientific, and the comprehensive weight value obtained by combining subjective and objective weight methods under multi-dimensional data is more reasonable, which can prove the pertinence and effectiveness of the design.