水产品中农药残留国内外标准体系分析与检测方法研究进展

水产品作为优质膳食来源之一, 不规范使用农药行为使渔业养殖水源被污染, 水产品的质量安全面临极大的威胁。针对水产品中药物残留的监督抽检主要集中在兽药残留的检测, 但对水产品中农药残留存在监管不足的问题。本文分析了国内外水产品中农药残留限量标准的差异, 发现我国在农药数量和最大残留限量项次两方面与国际食品法典委员会相当,但与欧盟、美国、日本等其他主要贸易国家有较大差距, 特别是对法规之外且非豁免的农药的“一律限量”要求是我国食品质量安全管理的空白,这为我国完善水产品中农药最大残留限量标准制修订提供参考。同时, 本文从提取、净化、检测3个方面综述了水产品中农药残留的检测方法, 发现采用乙腈提取、QuEChERS净化的前处理方法能提高水产品中农药残留的检测效率。建立简便快捷的水产品中多农药残留分析方法, 对于及时和准确地摸排水产品中的农药污染状况, 提早发现可能存在的安全隐患, 减少食品安全事故的出现具有重要意义。

Analysis of domestic and foreign standard system and research progress of detection methods for pesticide residues in aquatic products

Aquatic products as one of the sources of high-quality meals, a large number of non-standard use of pesticides have polluted the water source of fishery breeding, and the quality and safety of aquatic products are facing a great threat. The supervision and sampling inspection of drug residues in aquatic products mainly focuses on the detection of veterinary drug residues, but there is a problem of insufficient supervision of pesticide residues in aquatic products. This paper analyzes the differences of pesticide residue limit standards in aquatic products at home and abroad. It is found that China is equivalent to the Codex Alimentarius Commission in terms of pesticide quantity and maximum residue limit items, but there is a large gap with other major trading countries such as the EU, the United States and Japan. In particular, the "uniform limit" requirement for pesticides outside the regulations and not exempted is a blank in China''s food quality and safety management, This provides a reference for perfecting the formulation and revision of the maximum residue limit standard of pesticides in aquatic products in China. At the same time, this paper summarizes the detection methods of pesticide residues in aquatic products from three aspects of extraction, purification and detection. It is found that the pretreatment methods of acetonitrile extraction and QuEChERS purification can improve the detection efficiency of pesticide residues in aquatic products and effectively detect pesticide residues in aquatic products. The establishment of a simple and fast method for the analysis of multi pesticide residues in aquatic products is of great significance for timely and accurate detection of pesticide pollution in drainage products, early detection of possible potential safety hazards and reduction of food safety accidents.