云南省水生蔬菜中5种典型重金属含量特征及健康风险评估

目的 分析云南16个不同地区157份水生蔬菜中分布广、毒性强的重金属元素(镉、铅、铬、汞、砷)含量特征, 并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 样品经微波消解处理后, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)检测水生蔬菜中镉、铅、铬、汞、砷5种重金属元素的含量。采用重金属目标风险系数(target hazard coefficient, THQ)法对水生蔬菜中典型重金属可能产生的健康风险进行定量评估。结果 云南各地区水生蔬菜中5种重金属均有不同程度检出, 镉、铅、铬、汞、砷平均值分别为(0.006±0.019)、(0.029±0.043)、(0.036±0.075)、(0.002±0.002)、(0.108±0.164) mg/kg, 本研究采集157份样品中共6份超标样品, 整体合格率为96.2%。结论 云南省不同种类水生蔬菜中重金属含量总体水平较低, 大部分种类水生蔬菜重金属健康安全风险较低。但是, 芦蒿和慈姑两类蔬菜有着较高的健康风险。不同人群方面, 儿童受到的健康风险相比成年人更高。

Content characteristics and health risk assessment of 5 kinds of typical heavy metals in aquatic vegetables of Yunnan Province

Objective To investigate content characteristics of widely distributed and highly toxic heavy metals (cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury, arsenic) in 157 aquatic vegetables from 16 different areas of Yunnan Province, and evaluate their health risks. Method Samples were digested by microwave digestion procedure and measured for the content of 5 kinds of heavy metals including cadmium, lead chromium mercury and arsenic in aquatic vegetables by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The target hazard coefficient (THQ) method was used to quantitatively assess the possible health risks of typical heavy metals in aquatic vegetables. Result Five kinds of heavy metals were detected in different degrees in aquatic vegetables in different regions of Yunnan. The average values of cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic were (0.006±0.019), (0.029±0.043), (0.036±0.075), (0.002±0.002), (0.108±0.164) mg/kg, respectively. Among 157 samples collected in this study, 6 samples exceeded the standard, and the overall qualified rate was 96.2%. Conclusion The overall levels of heavy metals in different types of aquatic vegetables in Yunnan Province were low, and the health risks of heavy metals in most types of aquatic vegetables were low. However, two types of vegetables, Artemisia selengensis and Cigu, have higher health risks. In terms of different population groups, children were exposed to higher health risks than adults.