Improving the nuclear energy sustainability by decreasing its environmental footprint. Guidelines from life cycle assessment simulations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1 E7JE, United Kingdom;2. Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;3. National Nuclear Laboratory, Workington, Cumbria CA14 3YQ, United Kingdom;4. Ardskell, Embleton, Cockermouth, Cumbria CA13 9YP, United Kingdom;1. Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey;1. School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA;2. School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, 400 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2017, USA;3. Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2093, USA;1. Solar Energy Technologies, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia;2. Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Department of Blanket Systems Research, Rokkasho Institute, Sector of Fusion Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-166 Obuchi, Omotedate, Rokkasho-mura, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan;3. Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanta District, 97 Yanxiang Rd, Yanta District, Xi''an, Shaanxi, 710061, China;4. Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia;5. Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui, 1-2-4 Kanawa-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-0055, Japan;6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA;7. International Association of Hydrogen Energy, 5794 SW 40 St. #303, Miami, FL, 33155, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the anticipated long-term evolutions of nuclear fuel cycles. The main driver for such an evolution is the need for improving the sustainability of global energy systems. Indeed, sustainability is becoming the international reference approach to reconciling the different fields of analysis, i.e. the technical performance, economic viability, environmental preservation and societal acceptance. While our societies have to face the issue of finding new energy models which help to mitigate climate change, global approaches are mandatory to select the relevant improvements for the different energy systems, including nuclear energy. In a first step, this paper focuses on the specific environmental footprint of nuclear energy and its position with regards the other energy sources. From this situation, this paper depicts the potential improvement to be studied in order to improve the overall environmental footprint. |
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| Keywords: | Sustainability Nuclear fuel cycle Spent nuclear fuel Reprocessing Actinides recycling Back-end of the fuel cycle Uranium resource FNR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Fast Neutron Reactor GHG" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Green House Gases HLW" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" High Level Waste ILW-LL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Intermediate Level Waste – Long Life ILW-SL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Intermediate Level Waste – Short Life MOX" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" mixed uranium/plutonium oxide fuel OTC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Once Through Cycle POCP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Photochemical ozone creation potential TTC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Twice Through Cycle UOX" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" uranium oxide fuel VLLW" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Very Low level Waste |
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