| Abstract: | Experimental evidence on backward conditioning is evaluated critically and a theoretical integration of these experiments, conducted in Russia and in the United States and using both animal and human Ss, suggests unmistakably that "… backward conditioning is not a case of pseudo-conditioning but is a genuine CR-associative manifestation, and that stable backward CR's can be obtained and maintained under favorable experimental conditions." For backward conditioning to be facilitated the US should neither be too strong nor should the CS be too weak. While the formation of backward conditioning does not appear to be harmonious with the CR theories of Guthrie, Hull, or Tolman, it is suggested that it may be accounted for by the author's position of "dominance-contiguity." 44 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
