Translohr有轨电车导向轨轮接触模型研究*

基于调研上海张江Translohr有轨电车线路导向轨磨耗的基础上，推断出导向轮与导向轨的两种稳定的接触状态：两导向轮的踏面与倒V形导向轨的两个顶面接触，以及一侧导向轮轮缘与导向轨一侧轨腰接触状态。在忽略接触点位置变化的前提下，提出导向轮与导向轨之间的接触关系可简化为四点单边弹簧的等效力学模型。在Matlab/Simulink环境中建立Translohr有轨电车的动力学模型，其中动力走行部模型中引入Dummy体以简化空间四连杆的导向机构。仿真计算Translohr有轨电车在不同半径曲线上的轮轨接触状态，并实际测量了Translohr有轨电车在上海张江线路的轮轨导向力。仿真结果说明在40 m半径曲线上处于导向轮踏面与导向轨顶面接触接触状态，在25 m半径的曲线上出现一侧导向轮踏面和轮缘接触状态。仿真得到的轮轨导向力数值与实际测量结果具有较好的一致性。建立的导向轮轨模型可用来研究Translohr有轨电车导向轨侧磨产生的条件和影响因素。

Contact Model of Guiding Wheel/Rail of Translohr Tram

Through investigating the wear of the guiding rail of the Translohr tram ZhangJiang line in Shanghai, two types of stable contact states are proposed. One kind of state is the two top surface of the guide wheel contact with the inverted V shaped guide rail, another is the guide wheel flange and the guide rail waist. Ignoring position changes of contact points, guiding wheel/rail contact can be simplified by four unilateral springs. The Dummy body is introduced into the model of the power running gear to simplify the space Four-links Mechanism, and the dynamic model of Translohr is built in Matlab/Simulink. A simulation is carried out to calculate the wheel rail contact state of the rail car on different curves, and measured the Translohr tram rail guiding force of ZhangJiang line in Shanghai.Based on studies above, the simulation results show that the contact between the tread and the top surface of the guide rail is appeared in the curve of radius of 40 m. However, the contact between the side guide wheel rim and the guide rail side rail waist is appeared in the curve of radius of 20 m.Meanwhile, the experiment result shows that there exists good consistency between the simulation and road experiment. The established model can be used to study the factors and conditions influencing guide rail side wear.