碳酸盐岩储层损害机理及保护技术研究现状与发展趋势

碳酸盐岩是重要的储集岩，但是对其储层损害机理的认识及深入程度与碎屑岩的研究相比差距较大。笔者系统地介绍了碳酸盐岩储层的主要损害机理及屏蔽暂堵和酸化技术等碳酸盐岩储层的保护措施，认为碳酸盐岩油气层损害机理主要包括流体敏感性、应力敏感和水相圈闭；采用屏蔽暂堵技术时，应注意确保固相颗粒大小与裂缝宽度相匹配，这样才能形成致密的屏蔽层，达到保护油气层的目的；酸化技术成本低、效果好，酸液对碳酸盐岩缓速作用越强，酸化效果就越好，乳化酸是较优的缓速酸。同时指出了碳酸盐岩储层损害机理及保护技术的发展趋势。

Present research situation and developing trend of formation damage mechanism and protection technology for carbonate rocks

Carbonate rocks are a kind of important reservoir rocks. The deep understanding on formation damage mechanisms in carbonate reservoir is far from enough compared with that in clastic rocks. The main damage mechanism :and the protection technology of shielded temporary plugging and acidification in the carbonate rock reservoir were systematically introduced. It is considered that the damage mechanism consists mainly of fluid sensitivity, stress sensitivity and aqueous phase trap. When using the shielded temporary plugging technology, the match between the solid grain size and fracture width should be ensured so as to form tight shielding layer and then to protect the oil - gas reservoir. Cost of acidification is low, the effect is good. The stronger the retardation of acid fluid to carbonate rock, the better the effect of the acidification. Emulsified acid is a excellent retarded acid. At the same time, the development trend of the damage mechanism and protection technology for the carbonate rock reservoir were pointed out.