Al/CFRP混合薄壁结构耐撞性能可靠性优化设计

轻量化是实现汽车产业向安全、节能、环保发展的一个重要途径。Al/CFRP（carbon fiber reinforced plastic,碳纤维增强复合材料）混合材料能够在提升轻量化效果的同时兼顾材料成本和结构耐撞性能。为探索方形截面Al/CFRP混合薄壁结构的最佳组合方式,首先,制备了Al方管、CFRP方管和Al/CFRP混合方管,并开展准静态压溃实验。然后,建立能够精确模拟Al/CFRP混合方管压溃响应的有限元模型。最后,将试验设计方法、代理模型技术、多目标优化算法和蒙特卡罗模拟技术相结合,对Al/CFRP混合方管分别进行多目标确定性与可靠性优化设计,并对效果较好的可靠性优化解进行仿真验证。准静态压溃实验结果表明,Al/CFRP混合方管具有优异的耐撞性能;优化结果表明,可靠性优化解的约束可靠度相比于确定性优化解提高了10.96%,大大降低了失效概率,具有更强的实用性。研究结果有望对Al/CFRP混合薄壁吸能构件的优化设计提供参考。

Reliability optimization design for crashworthiness of Al/CFRP hybrid thin-walled structure

Lightweight is an important way to make automobile industry develop towards safety, energy conservation and environmental protection. The Al/CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) hybrid material can improve the lightweight effect while taking into account the material cost and structural crashworthiness. In order to explore the best combination mode of Al/CFRP hybrid thin-walled structure with square cross section, firstly, Al square tubes, CFRP square tubes and Al/CFRP hybrid square tubes were prepared, and quasi-static crushing experiments were carried out. Then, the finite element model that could accurately simulate the crushing response of Al/CFRP hybrid square tube was established. Finally, the multi-objective certainty and reliability optimization design for the Al/CFRP hybrid square tube was carried out by combining experimental design method, agent model technique, multi-objective optimization algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation technology, and the reliability optimization solution with good effect was verified by simulation. The quasi-static crushing experiment results showed that the Al/CFRP hybrid square tube had excellent crashworthiness; the optimization results showed that the constraint reliability of the reliability optimization solution was 10.96% higher than that of the certainty optimization solution, which greatly reduced the failure probability and had stronger practicability. The research results are expected to provide a reference for the optimal design of Al/CFRP hybrid thin-walled energy-absorbing components.