基于声信道分析的电缆隧道人员定位技术

电缆隧道存在卫星信号完全拒止、电磁信道状态复杂等挑战，使得传统定位方法面临定位精度下滑、方差增大等问题。为此，本文提出一种基于声信道模型分析和到达时间估计的电缆隧道高精度人员定位方法。首先，在隧道中布设多组近超声基站，并通过有限元分析方法对基站布局进行优化；其次，针对人员移动导致的信道动态变化场景，在信号接收端建立统计参数模型，快速估计信号参数并在分数阶傅里叶变换域重构信号，同时通过信道频移状态推测人员的移动速度。最后，利用信道模型估计的到达时间以及移动速度，基于卡尔曼滤波器推算人员位置，同时将融合到达时间估计结果反馈到下一阶段的参数估计过程中，进而对信号参数估计结果进行修正。在地下电缆隧道的实验验证了所提出方法的有效性，在视距条件下性能超越了传统超宽带定位系统。

Cable Tunnel Personnel Positioning Technology Based on Acoustic Channel Analysis

Cable tunnels are completely satellite-rejected, and the electromagnetic channel state inside is complex. Therefore, traditional positioning methods are facing problems, such as declining positioning accuracy and increasing positioning variance. A high-precision personnel positioning in cable tunnels is proposed on the basis of channel model analysis and distance measurement by using the near ultrasound method. First, multiple sets of near ultrasound base stations are established in the tunnel, and their deployment is optimized through the finite element analysis method. Second, a statistical parameter model is established at the signal receiving side for dynamic changing of channel states due to target movement to estimate signal parameters quickly. Meanwhile, the received signal is also reconstructed in the fractional Fourier transform domain, and the moving speed of the target is estimated through the channel frequency shift state. Finally, the arrival time and moving speed estimated by the channel model are applied to track person position based on the Kalman filter. Simultaneously, the fusion arrival time estimation result is fed back to the channel parameter estimation of the next stage to correct the actual reference signal. Actual experimental results in the under- ground cable tunnel verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which outperforms the tradi- tional UWB positioning method.