数据中心综合能源系统优化运行研究综述

作为数字基础设施的重要载体,数据中心的数量和规模不断增长,导致系统能源消耗与日俱增,运行成本成倍上升。而综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)是以电力系统为核心,涵盖供电/气/冷/热等能源产供销一体化的复杂系统,其优化运行可实现对多种能源的综合管理和经济调度,采用IES替代数据中心的供能系统将是降低数据中心运行成本的有效方案。目前对IES的典型架构尚未明确定义,对基于数据中心的IES优化运行问题鲜有研究。首先介绍了IES以及基于数据中心的IES典型物理框架;其次分析了系统中耦合型运行设备的物理模型和能源集线器(energy hub, EH)及其扩展模型在系统中的应用;在此基础上,总结和梳理了国内外IES及基于数据中心的IES的优化运行现状,并提出了基于数据中心的多能源输入-多能源耦合-多能源输出的运行方式;最后,对基于数据中心的IES中能源不确定性及负荷预测、能源动态建模、优化调度策略及效益评价等重点发展方向和潜在的可研究内容进行了展望,以期为未来相关的项目落地、仿真研发等提供参考和借鉴。

Review on the Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy System in Data Center

Data center, as an important carrier of digital infrastructure, has been growing rapidly in the number and scale, which results in increasing system energy consumption and operating costs. The integrated energy system (IES) is a complex system which takes the power system as the core and covers the production, supply and marketing of energy such as electricity, gas, cooling and heat. Its optimized operation can realize comprehensive management and economic dispatch of multiple energy sources. Using IES to replace the original energy supply system is an effective solution to reduce the operating cost of the data center. At present, the typical architecture of IES has not been clearly defined, and there is little research on the optimization operation of IES based on data center. Firstly, this paper introduces the typical physical framework of IES and data center-based IES. Secondly, it analyzes the physical model of the coupled operating equipment and the application of energy hub and its extended model in the system. On this basis, this paper summarizes and sorts out the current status of IES and the optimized operation of IES for data centers, and proposes an operation method based on data centers, including multiple energy input, coupling and output. Finally, this paper looks forward to the key development directions and potential research contents of energy uncertainty and load forecasting, energy dynamic modeling, optimized scheduling strategies, and benefit evaluation in IES based on data center, with a view to provide reference for future related project landing, simulation research and development.